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  27.     <div class="container">
    28. 

  28. 

  29. <h1 class="titlefont">FFmpeg Utilities Documentation</h1>
    30. 

  30. <hr>
    31. 

  31. <a name="SEC_Top"></a>
    32. 

  32. 

  33. <a name="SEC_Contents"></a>
    34. 

  34. <h1>Table of Contents</h1>
    35. 

  35. 

  36. <div class="contents">
    37. 

  37. 

  38. <ul class="no-bullet">
    39. 

  39.   <li><a name="toc-Description" href="#Description">1 Description</a></li>
    40. 

  40.   <li><a name="toc-Syntax" href="#Syntax">2 Syntax</a>
    41. 

  41.   <ul class="no-bullet">
    42. 

  42.     <li><a name="toc-Quoting-and-escaping" href="#Quoting-and-escaping">2.1 Quoting and escaping</a>
    43. 

  43.     <ul class="no-bullet">
    44. 

  44.       <li><a name="toc-Examples" href="#Examples">2.1.1 Examples</a></li>
    45. 

  45.     </ul></li>
    46. 

  46.     <li><a name="toc-Date" href="#Date">2.2 Date</a></li>
    47. 

  47.     <li><a name="toc-Time-duration" href="#Time-duration">2.3 Time duration</a>
    48. 

  48.     <ul class="no-bullet">
    49. 

  49.       <li><a name="toc-Examples-1" href="#Examples-1">2.3.1 Examples</a></li>
    50. 

  50.     </ul></li>
    51. 

  51.     <li><a name="toc-Video-size" href="#Video-size">2.4 Video size</a></li>
    52. 

  52.     <li><a name="toc-Video-rate" href="#Video-rate">2.5 Video rate</a></li>
    53. 

  53.     <li><a name="toc-Ratio" href="#Ratio">2.6 Ratio</a></li>
    54. 

  54.     <li><a name="toc-Color" href="#Color">2.7 Color</a></li>
    55. 

  55.     <li><a name="toc-Channel-Layout" href="#Channel-Layout">2.8 Channel Layout</a></li>
    56. 

  56.   </ul></li>
    57. 

  57.   <li><a name="toc-Expression-Evaluation" href="#Expression-Evaluation">3 Expression Evaluation</a></li>
    58. 

  58.   <li><a name="toc-See-Also" href="#See-Also">4 See Also</a></li>
    59. 

  59.   <li><a name="toc-Authors" href="#Authors">5 Authors</a></li>
    60. 

  60. </ul>
    61. 

  61. </div>
    62. 

  62. 

  63. 

  64. <hr size="6">
    65. 

  65. <a name="Description"></a>
    66. 

  66. <h1 class="chapter"><a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#toc-Description">1 Description</a></h1>
    67. 

  67. 

  68. <p>This document describes some generic features and utilities provided
    69. 

  69. by the libavutil library.
    70. 

  70. </p>
    71. 

  71. 

  72. <a name="Syntax"></a>
    73. 

  73. <h1 class="chapter"><a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#toc-Syntax">2 Syntax</a></h1>
    74. 

  74. 

  75. <p>This section documents the syntax and formats employed by the FFmpeg
    76. 

  76. libraries and tools.
    77. 

  77. </p>
    78. 

  78. <p><a name="quoting_005fand_005fescaping"></a>
    79. 

  79. </p><a name="Quoting-and-escaping"></a>
    80. 

  80. <h2 class="section"><a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#toc-Quoting-and-escaping">2.1 Quoting and escaping</a></h2>
    81. 

  81. 

  82. <p>FFmpeg adopts the following quoting and escaping mechanism, unless
    83. 

  83. explicitly specified. The following rules are applied:
    84. 

  84. </p>
    85. 

  85. <ul>
    86. 

  86. <li>
    87. 

  87. &lsquo;<samp>'</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>\</samp>&rsquo; are special characters (respectively used for
    88. 

  88. quoting and escaping). In addition to them, there might be other
    89. 

  89. special characters depending on the specific syntax where the escaping
    90. 

  90. and quoting are employed.
    91. 

  91. 

  92. </li><li>
    93. 

  93. A special character is escaped by prefixing it with a &lsquo;<samp>\</samp>&rsquo;.
    94. 

  94. 

  95. </li><li>
    96. 

  96. All characters enclosed between &lsquo;<samp>''</samp>&rsquo; are included literally in the
    97. 

  97. parsed string. The quote character &lsquo;<samp>'</samp>&rsquo; itself cannot be quoted,
    98. 

  98. so you may need to close the quote and escape it.
    99. 

  99. 

  100. </li><li>
    101. 

  101. Leading and trailing whitespaces, unless escaped or quoted, are
    102. 

  102. removed from the parsed string.
    103. 

  103. </li></ul>
    104. 

  104. 

  105. <p>Note that you may need to add a second level of escaping when using
    106. 

  106. the command line or a script, which depends on the syntax of the
    107. 

  107. adopted shell language.
    108. 

  108. </p>
    109. 

  109. <p>The function <code>av_get_token</code> defined in
    110. 

  110. &lsquo;<tt>libavutil/avstring.h</tt>&rsquo; can be used to parse a token quoted or
    111. 

  111. escaped according to the rules defined above.
    112. 

  112. </p>
    113. 

  113. <p>The tool &lsquo;<tt>tools/ffescape</tt>&rsquo; in the FFmpeg source tree can be used
    114. 

  114. to automatically quote or escape a string in a script.
    115. 

  115. </p>
    116. 

  116. <a name="Examples"></a>
    117. 

  117. <h3 class="subsection"><a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#toc-Examples">2.1.1 Examples</a></h3>
    118. 

  118. 

  119. <ul>
    120. 

  120. <li>
    121. 

  121. Escape the string <code>Crime d'Amour</code> containing the <code>'</code> special
    122. 

  122. character:
    123. 

  123. <div class="example">
    124. 

  124. <pre class="example">Crime d\'Amour
    125. 

  125. </pre></div>
    126. 

  126. 

  127. </li><li>
    128. 

  128. The string above contains a quote, so the <code>'</code> needs to be escaped
    129. 

  129. when quoting it:
    130. 

  130. <div class="example">
    131. 

  131. <pre class="example">'Crime d'\''Amour'
    132. 

  132. </pre></div>
    133. 

  133. 

  134. </li><li>
    135. 

  135. Include leading or trailing whitespaces using quoting:
    136. 

  136. <div class="example">
    137. 

  137. <pre class="example">'  this string starts and ends with whitespaces  '
    138. 

  138. </pre></div>
    139. 

  139. 

  140. </li><li>
    141. 

  141. Escaping and quoting can be mixed together:
    142. 

  142. <div class="example">
    143. 

  143. <pre class="example">' The string '\'string\'' is a string '
    144. 

  144. </pre></div>
    145. 

  145. 

  146. </li><li>
    147. 

  147. To include a literal &lsquo;<samp>\</samp>&rsquo; you can use either escaping or quoting:
    148. 

  148. <div class="example">
    149. 

  149. <pre class="example">'c:\foo' can be written as c:\\foo
    150. 

  150. </pre></div>
    151. 

  151. </li></ul>
    152. 

  152. 

  153. <p><a name="date-syntax"></a>
    154. 

  154. </p><a name="Date"></a>
    155. 

  155. <h2 class="section"><a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#toc-Date">2.2 Date</a></h2>
    156. 

  156. 

  157. <p>The accepted syntax is:
    158. 

  158. </p><div class="example">
    159. 

  159. <pre class="example">[(YYYY-MM-DD|YYYYMMDD)[T|t| ]]((HH:MM:SS[.m...]]])|(HHMMSS[.m...]]]))[Z]
    160. 

  160. now
    161. 

  161. </pre></div>
    162. 

  162. 

  163. <p>If the value is &quot;now&quot; it takes the current time.
    164. 

  164. </p>
    165. 

  165. <p>Time is local time unless Z is appended, in which case it is
    166. 

  166. interpreted as UTC.
    167. 

  167. If the year-month-day part is not specified it takes the current
    168. 

  168. year-month-day.
    169. 

  169. </p>
    170. 

  170. <p><a name="time-duration-syntax"></a>
    171. 

  171. </p><a name="Time-duration"></a>
    172. 

  172. <h2 class="section"><a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#toc-Time-duration">2.3 Time duration</a></h2>
    173. 

  173. 

  174. <p>There are two accepted syntaxes for expressing time duration.
    175. 

  175. </p>
    176. 

  176. <div class="example">
    177. 

  177. <pre class="example">[-][<var>HH</var>:]<var>MM</var>:<var>SS</var>[.<var>m</var>...]
    178. 

  178. </pre></div>
    179. 

  179. 

  180. <p><var>HH</var> expresses the number of hours, <var>MM</var> the number of minutes
    181. 

  181. for a maximum of 2 digits, and <var>SS</var> the number of seconds for a
    182. 

  182. maximum of 2 digits. The <var>m</var> at the end expresses decimal value for
    183. 

  183. <var>SS</var>.
    184. 

  184. </p>
    185. 

  185. <p><em>or</em>
    186. 

  186. </p>
    187. 

  187. <div class="example">
    188. 

  188. <pre class="example">[-]<var>S</var>+[.<var>m</var>...]
    189. 

  189. </pre></div>
    190. 

  190. 

  191. <p><var>S</var> expresses the number of seconds, with the optional decimal part
    192. 

  192. <var>m</var>.
    193. 

  193. </p>
    194. 

  194. <p>In both expressions, the optional &lsquo;<samp>-</samp>&rsquo; indicates negative duration.
    195. 

  195. </p>
    196. 

  196. <a name="Examples-1"></a>
    197. 

  197. <h3 class="subsection"><a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#toc-Examples-1">2.3.1 Examples</a></h3>
    198. 

  198. 

  199. <p>The following examples are all valid time duration:
    200. 

  200. </p>
    201. 

  201. <dl compact="compact">
    202. 

  202. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>55</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    203. 

  203. <dd><p>55 seconds
    204. 

  204. </p>
    205. 

  205. </dd>
    206. 

  206. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>0.2</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    207. 

  207. <dd><p>0.2 seconds
    208. 

  208. </p>
    209. 

  209. </dd>
    210. 

  210. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>200ms</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    211. 

  211. <dd><p>200 milliseconds, that&rsquo;s 0.2s
    212. 

  212. </p>
    213. 

  213. </dd>
    214. 

  214. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>200000us</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    215. 

  215. <dd><p>200000 microseconds, that&rsquo;s 0.2s
    216. 

  216. </p>
    217. 

  217. </dd>
    218. 

  218. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>12:03:45</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    219. 

  219. <dd><p>12 hours, 03 minutes and 45 seconds
    220. 

  220. </p>
    221. 

  221. </dd>
    222. 

  222. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>23.189</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    223. 

  223. <dd><p>23.189 seconds
    224. 

  224. </p></dd>
    225. 

  225. </dl>
    226. 

  226. 

  227. <p><a name="video-size-syntax"></a>
    228. 

  228. </p><a name="Video-size"></a>
    229. 

  229. <h2 class="section"><a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#toc-Video-size">2.4 Video size</a></h2>
    230. 

  230. <p>Specify the size of the sourced video, it may be a string of the form
    231. 

  231. <var>width</var>x<var>height</var>, or the name of a size abbreviation.
    232. 

  232. </p>
    233. 

  233. <p>The following abbreviations are recognized:
    234. 

  234. </p><dl compact="compact">
    235. 

  235. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>ntsc</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    236. 

  236. <dd><p>720x480
    237. 

  237. </p></dd>
    238. 

  238. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>pal</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    239. 

  239. <dd><p>720x576
    240. 

  240. </p></dd>
    241. 

  241. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>qntsc</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    242. 

  242. <dd><p>352x240
    243. 

  243. </p></dd>
    244. 

  244. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>qpal</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    245. 

  245. <dd><p>352x288
    246. 

  246. </p></dd>
    247. 

  247. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>sntsc</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    248. 

  248. <dd><p>640x480
    249. 

  249. </p></dd>
    250. 

  250. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>spal</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    251. 

  251. <dd><p>768x576
    252. 

  252. </p></dd>
    253. 

  253. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>film</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    254. 

  254. <dd><p>352x240
    255. 

  255. </p></dd>
    256. 

  256. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>ntsc-film</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    257. 

  257. <dd><p>352x240
    258. 

  258. </p></dd>
    259. 

  259. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>sqcif</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    260. 

  260. <dd><p>128x96
    261. 

  261. </p></dd>
    262. 

  262. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>qcif</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    263. 

  263. <dd><p>176x144
    264. 

  264. </p></dd>
    265. 

  265. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>cif</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    266. 

  266. <dd><p>352x288
    267. 

  267. </p></dd>
    268. 

  268. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>4cif</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    269. 

  269. <dd><p>704x576
    270. 

  270. </p></dd>
    271. 

  271. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>16cif</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    272. 

  272. <dd><p>1408x1152
    273. 

  273. </p></dd>
    274. 

  274. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>qqvga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    275. 

  275. <dd><p>160x120
    276. 

  276. </p></dd>
    277. 

  277. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>qvga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    278. 

  278. <dd><p>320x240
    279. 

  279. </p></dd>
    280. 

  280. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>vga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    281. 

  281. <dd><p>640x480
    282. 

  282. </p></dd>
    283. 

  283. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>svga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    284. 

  284. <dd><p>800x600
    285. 

  285. </p></dd>
    286. 

  286. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>xga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    287. 

  287. <dd><p>1024x768
    288. 

  288. </p></dd>
    289. 

  289. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>uxga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    290. 

  290. <dd><p>1600x1200
    291. 

  291. </p></dd>
    292. 

  292. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>qxga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    293. 

  293. <dd><p>2048x1536
    294. 

  294. </p></dd>
    295. 

  295. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>sxga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    296. 

  296. <dd><p>1280x1024
    297. 

  297. </p></dd>
    298. 

  298. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>qsxga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    299. 

  299. <dd><p>2560x2048
    300. 

  300. </p></dd>
    301. 

  301. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>hsxga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    302. 

  302. <dd><p>5120x4096
    303. 

  303. </p></dd>
    304. 

  304. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>wvga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    305. 

  305. <dd><p>852x480
    306. 

  306. </p></dd>
    307. 

  307. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>wxga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    308. 

  308. <dd><p>1366x768
    309. 

  309. </p></dd>
    310. 

  310. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>wsxga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    311. 

  311. <dd><p>1600x1024
    312. 

  312. </p></dd>
    313. 

  313. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>wuxga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    314. 

  314. <dd><p>1920x1200
    315. 

  315. </p></dd>
    316. 

  316. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>woxga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    317. 

  317. <dd><p>2560x1600
    318. 

  318. </p></dd>
    319. 

  319. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>wqsxga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    320. 

  320. <dd><p>3200x2048
    321. 

  321. </p></dd>
    322. 

  322. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>wquxga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    323. 

  323. <dd><p>3840x2400
    324. 

  324. </p></dd>
    325. 

  325. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>whsxga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    326. 

  326. <dd><p>6400x4096
    327. 

  327. </p></dd>
    328. 

  328. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>whuxga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    329. 

  329. <dd><p>7680x4800
    330. 

  330. </p></dd>
    331. 

  331. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>cga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    332. 

  332. <dd><p>320x200
    333. 

  333. </p></dd>
    334. 

  334. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>ega</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    335. 

  335. <dd><p>640x350
    336. 

  336. </p></dd>
    337. 

  337. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>hd480</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    338. 

  338. <dd><p>852x480
    339. 

  339. </p></dd>
    340. 

  340. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>hd720</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    341. 

  341. <dd><p>1280x720
    342. 

  342. </p></dd>
    343. 

  343. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>hd1080</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    344. 

  344. <dd><p>1920x1080
    345. 

  345. </p></dd>
    346. 

  346. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>2k</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    347. 

  347. <dd><p>2048x1080
    348. 

  348. </p></dd>
    349. 

  349. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>2kflat</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    350. 

  350. <dd><p>1998x1080
    351. 

  351. </p></dd>
    352. 

  352. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>2kscope</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    353. 

  353. <dd><p>2048x858
    354. 

  354. </p></dd>
    355. 

  355. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>4k</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    356. 

  356. <dd><p>4096x2160
    357. 

  357. </p></dd>
    358. 

  358. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>4kflat</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    359. 

  359. <dd><p>3996x2160
    360. 

  360. </p></dd>
    361. 

  361. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>4kscope</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    362. 

  362. <dd><p>4096x1716
    363. 

  363. </p></dd>
    364. 

  364. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>nhd</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    365. 

  365. <dd><p>640x360
    366. 

  366. </p></dd>
    367. 

  367. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>hqvga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    368. 

  368. <dd><p>240x160
    369. 

  369. </p></dd>
    370. 

  370. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>wqvga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    371. 

  371. <dd><p>400x240
    372. 

  372. </p></dd>
    373. 

  373. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>fwqvga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    374. 

  374. <dd><p>432x240
    375. 

  375. </p></dd>
    376. 

  376. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>hvga</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    377. 

  377. <dd><p>480x320
    378. 

  378. </p></dd>
    379. 

  379. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>qhd</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    380. 

  380. <dd><p>960x540
    381. 

  381. </p></dd>
    382. 

  382. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>2kdci</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    383. 

  383. <dd><p>2048x1080
    384. 

  384. </p></dd>
    385. 

  385. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>4kdci</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    386. 

  386. <dd><p>4096x2160
    387. 

  387. </p></dd>
    388. 

  388. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>uhd2160</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    389. 

  389. <dd><p>3840x2160
    390. 

  390. </p></dd>
    391. 

  391. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>uhd4320</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    392. 

  392. <dd><p>7680x4320
    393. 

  393. </p></dd>
    394. 

  394. </dl>
    395. 

  395. 

  396. <p><a name="video-rate-syntax"></a>
    397. 

  397. </p><a name="Video-rate"></a>
    398. 

  398. <h2 class="section"><a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#toc-Video-rate">2.5 Video rate</a></h2>
    399. 

  399. 

  400. <p>Specify the frame rate of a video, expressed as the number of frames
    401. 

  401. generated per second. It has to be a string in the format
    402. 

  402. <var>frame_rate_num</var>/<var>frame_rate_den</var>, an integer number, a float
    403. 

  403. number or a valid video frame rate abbreviation.
    404. 

  404. </p>
    405. 

  405. <p>The following abbreviations are recognized:
    406. 

  406. </p><dl compact="compact">
    407. 

  407. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>ntsc</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    408. 

  408. <dd><p>30000/1001
    409. 

  409. </p></dd>
    410. 

  410. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>pal</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    411. 

  411. <dd><p>25/1
    412. 

  412. </p></dd>
    413. 

  413. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>qntsc</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    414. 

  414. <dd><p>30000/1001
    415. 

  415. </p></dd>
    416. 

  416. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>qpal</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    417. 

  417. <dd><p>25/1
    418. 

  418. </p></dd>
    419. 

  419. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>sntsc</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    420. 

  420. <dd><p>30000/1001
    421. 

  421. </p></dd>
    422. 

  422. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>spal</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    423. 

  423. <dd><p>25/1
    424. 

  424. </p></dd>
    425. 

  425. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>film</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    426. 

  426. <dd><p>24/1
    427. 

  427. </p></dd>
    428. 

  428. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>ntsc-film</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    429. 

  429. <dd><p>24000/1001
    430. 

  430. </p></dd>
    431. 

  431. </dl>
    432. 

  432. 

  433. <p><a name="ratio-syntax"></a>
    434. 

  434. </p><a name="Ratio"></a>
    435. 

  435. <h2 class="section"><a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#toc-Ratio">2.6 Ratio</a></h2>
    436. 

  436. 

  437. <p>A ratio can be expressed as an expression, or in the form
    438. 

  438. <var>numerator</var>:<var>denominator</var>.
    439. 

  439. </p>
    440. 

  440. <p>Note that a ratio with infinite (1/0) or negative value is
    441. 

  441. considered valid, so you should check on the returned value if you
    442. 

  442. want to exclude those values.
    443. 

  443. </p>
    444. 

  444. <p>The undefined value can be expressed using the &quot;0:0&quot; string.
    445. 

  445. </p>
    446. 

  446. <p><a name="color-syntax"></a>
    447. 

  447. </p><a name="Color"></a>
    448. 

  448. <h2 class="section"><a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#toc-Color">2.7 Color</a></h2>
    449. 

  449. 

  450. <p>It can be the name of a color as defined below (case insensitive match) or a
    451. 

  451. <code>[0x|#]RRGGBB[AA]</code> sequence, possibly followed by @ and a string
    452. 

  452. representing the alpha component.
    453. 

  453. </p>
    454. 

  454. <p>The alpha component may be a string composed by &quot;0x&quot; followed by an
    455. 

  455. hexadecimal number or a decimal number between 0.0 and 1.0, which
    456. 

  456. represents the opacity value (&lsquo;<samp>0x00</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>0.0</samp>&rsquo; means completely
    457. 

  457. transparent, &lsquo;<samp>0xff</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>1.0</samp>&rsquo; completely opaque). If the alpha
    458. 

  458. component is not specified then &lsquo;<samp>0xff</samp>&rsquo; is assumed.
    459. 

  459. </p>
    460. 

  460. <p>The string &lsquo;<samp>random</samp>&rsquo; will result in a random color.
    461. 

  461. </p>
    462. 

  462. <p>The following names of colors are recognized:
    463. 

  463. </p><dl compact="compact">
    464. 

  464. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>AliceBlue</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    465. 

  465. <dd><p>0xF0F8FF
    466. 

  466. </p></dd>
    467. 

  467. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>AntiqueWhite</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    468. 

  468. <dd><p>0xFAEBD7
    469. 

  469. </p></dd>
    470. 

  470. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Aqua</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    471. 

  471. <dd><p>0x00FFFF
    472. 

  472. </p></dd>
    473. 

  473. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Aquamarine</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    474. 

  474. <dd><p>0x7FFFD4
    475. 

  475. </p></dd>
    476. 

  476. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Azure</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    477. 

  477. <dd><p>0xF0FFFF
    478. 

  478. </p></dd>
    479. 

  479. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Beige</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    480. 

  480. <dd><p>0xF5F5DC
    481. 

  481. </p></dd>
    482. 

  482. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Bisque</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    483. 

  483. <dd><p>0xFFE4C4
    484. 

  484. </p></dd>
    485. 

  485. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Black</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    486. 

  486. <dd><p>0x000000
    487. 

  487. </p></dd>
    488. 

  488. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>BlanchedAlmond</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    489. 

  489. <dd><p>0xFFEBCD
    490. 

  490. </p></dd>
    491. 

  491. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Blue</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    492. 

  492. <dd><p>0x0000FF
    493. 

  493. </p></dd>
    494. 

  494. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>BlueViolet</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    495. 

  495. <dd><p>0x8A2BE2
    496. 

  496. </p></dd>
    497. 

  497. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Brown</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    498. 

  498. <dd><p>0xA52A2A
    499. 

  499. </p></dd>
    500. 

  500. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>BurlyWood</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    501. 

  501. <dd><p>0xDEB887
    502. 

  502. </p></dd>
    503. 

  503. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>CadetBlue</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    504. 

  504. <dd><p>0x5F9EA0
    505. 

  505. </p></dd>
    506. 

  506. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Chartreuse</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    507. 

  507. <dd><p>0x7FFF00
    508. 

  508. </p></dd>
    509. 

  509. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Chocolate</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    510. 

  510. <dd><p>0xD2691E
    511. 

  511. </p></dd>
    512. 

  512. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Coral</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    513. 

  513. <dd><p>0xFF7F50
    514. 

  514. </p></dd>
    515. 

  515. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>CornflowerBlue</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    516. 

  516. <dd><p>0x6495ED
    517. 

  517. </p></dd>
    518. 

  518. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Cornsilk</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    519. 

  519. <dd><p>0xFFF8DC
    520. 

  520. </p></dd>
    521. 

  521. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Crimson</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    522. 

  522. <dd><p>0xDC143C
    523. 

  523. </p></dd>
    524. 

  524. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Cyan</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    525. 

  525. <dd><p>0x00FFFF
    526. 

  526. </p></dd>
    527. 

  527. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DarkBlue</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    528. 

  528. <dd><p>0x00008B
    529. 

  529. </p></dd>
    530. 

  530. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DarkCyan</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    531. 

  531. <dd><p>0x008B8B
    532. 

  532. </p></dd>
    533. 

  533. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DarkGoldenRod</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    534. 

  534. <dd><p>0xB8860B
    535. 

  535. </p></dd>
    536. 

  536. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DarkGray</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    537. 

  537. <dd><p>0xA9A9A9
    538. 

  538. </p></dd>
    539. 

  539. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DarkGreen</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    540. 

  540. <dd><p>0x006400
    541. 

  541. </p></dd>
    542. 

  542. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DarkKhaki</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    543. 

  543. <dd><p>0xBDB76B
    544. 

  544. </p></dd>
    545. 

  545. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DarkMagenta</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    546. 

  546. <dd><p>0x8B008B
    547. 

  547. </p></dd>
    548. 

  548. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DarkOliveGreen</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    549. 

  549. <dd><p>0x556B2F
    550. 

  550. </p></dd>
    551. 

  551. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Darkorange</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    552. 

  552. <dd><p>0xFF8C00
    553. 

  553. </p></dd>
    554. 

  554. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DarkOrchid</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    555. 

  555. <dd><p>0x9932CC
    556. 

  556. </p></dd>
    557. 

  557. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DarkRed</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    558. 

  558. <dd><p>0x8B0000
    559. 

  559. </p></dd>
    560. 

  560. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DarkSalmon</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    561. 

  561. <dd><p>0xE9967A
    562. 

  562. </p></dd>
    563. 

  563. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DarkSeaGreen</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    564. 

  564. <dd><p>0x8FBC8F
    565. 

  565. </p></dd>
    566. 

  566. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DarkSlateBlue</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    567. 

  567. <dd><p>0x483D8B
    568. 

  568. </p></dd>
    569. 

  569. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DarkSlateGray</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    570. 

  570. <dd><p>0x2F4F4F
    571. 

  571. </p></dd>
    572. 

  572. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DarkTurquoise</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    573. 

  573. <dd><p>0x00CED1
    574. 

  574. </p></dd>
    575. 

  575. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DarkViolet</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    576. 

  576. <dd><p>0x9400D3
    577. 

  577. </p></dd>
    578. 

  578. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DeepPink</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    579. 

  579. <dd><p>0xFF1493
    580. 

  580. </p></dd>
    581. 

  581. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DeepSkyBlue</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    582. 

  582. <dd><p>0x00BFFF
    583. 

  583. </p></dd>
    584. 

  584. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DimGray</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    585. 

  585. <dd><p>0x696969
    586. 

  586. </p></dd>
    587. 

  587. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DodgerBlue</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    588. 

  588. <dd><p>0x1E90FF
    589. 

  589. </p></dd>
    590. 

  590. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>FireBrick</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    591. 

  591. <dd><p>0xB22222
    592. 

  592. </p></dd>
    593. 

  593. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>FloralWhite</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    594. 

  594. <dd><p>0xFFFAF0
    595. 

  595. </p></dd>
    596. 

  596. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>ForestGreen</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    597. 

  597. <dd><p>0x228B22
    598. 

  598. </p></dd>
    599. 

  599. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Fuchsia</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    600. 

  600. <dd><p>0xFF00FF
    601. 

  601. </p></dd>
    602. 

  602. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Gainsboro</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    603. 

  603. <dd><p>0xDCDCDC
    604. 

  604. </p></dd>
    605. 

  605. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>GhostWhite</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    606. 

  606. <dd><p>0xF8F8FF
    607. 

  607. </p></dd>
    608. 

  608. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Gold</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    609. 

  609. <dd><p>0xFFD700
    610. 

  610. </p></dd>
    611. 

  611. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>GoldenRod</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    612. 

  612. <dd><p>0xDAA520
    613. 

  613. </p></dd>
    614. 

  614. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Gray</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    615. 

  615. <dd><p>0x808080
    616. 

  616. </p></dd>
    617. 

  617. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Green</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    618. 

  618. <dd><p>0x008000
    619. 

  619. </p></dd>
    620. 

  620. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>GreenYellow</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    621. 

  621. <dd><p>0xADFF2F
    622. 

  622. </p></dd>
    623. 

  623. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>HoneyDew</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    624. 

  624. <dd><p>0xF0FFF0
    625. 

  625. </p></dd>
    626. 

  626. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>HotPink</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    627. 

  627. <dd><p>0xFF69B4
    628. 

  628. </p></dd>
    629. 

  629. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>IndianRed</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    630. 

  630. <dd><p>0xCD5C5C
    631. 

  631. </p></dd>
    632. 

  632. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Indigo</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    633. 

  633. <dd><p>0x4B0082
    634. 

  634. </p></dd>
    635. 

  635. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Ivory</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    636. 

  636. <dd><p>0xFFFFF0
    637. 

  637. </p></dd>
    638. 

  638. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Khaki</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    639. 

  639. <dd><p>0xF0E68C
    640. 

  640. </p></dd>
    641. 

  641. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Lavender</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    642. 

  642. <dd><p>0xE6E6FA
    643. 

  643. </p></dd>
    644. 

  644. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>LavenderBlush</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    645. 

  645. <dd><p>0xFFF0F5
    646. 

  646. </p></dd>
    647. 

  647. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>LawnGreen</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    648. 

  648. <dd><p>0x7CFC00
    649. 

  649. </p></dd>
    650. 

  650. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>LemonChiffon</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    651. 

  651. <dd><p>0xFFFACD
    652. 

  652. </p></dd>
    653. 

  653. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>LightBlue</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    654. 

  654. <dd><p>0xADD8E6
    655. 

  655. </p></dd>
    656. 

  656. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>LightCoral</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    657. 

  657. <dd><p>0xF08080
    658. 

  658. </p></dd>
    659. 

  659. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>LightCyan</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    660. 

  660. <dd><p>0xE0FFFF
    661. 

  661. </p></dd>
    662. 

  662. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>LightGoldenRodYellow</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    663. 

  663. <dd><p>0xFAFAD2
    664. 

  664. </p></dd>
    665. 

  665. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>LightGreen</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    666. 

  666. <dd><p>0x90EE90
    667. 

  667. </p></dd>
    668. 

  668. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>LightGrey</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    669. 

  669. <dd><p>0xD3D3D3
    670. 

  670. </p></dd>
    671. 

  671. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>LightPink</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    672. 

  672. <dd><p>0xFFB6C1
    673. 

  673. </p></dd>
    674. 

  674. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>LightSalmon</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    675. 

  675. <dd><p>0xFFA07A
    676. 

  676. </p></dd>
    677. 

  677. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>LightSeaGreen</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    678. 

  678. <dd><p>0x20B2AA
    679. 

  679. </p></dd>
    680. 

  680. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>LightSkyBlue</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    681. 

  681. <dd><p>0x87CEFA
    682. 

  682. </p></dd>
    683. 

  683. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>LightSlateGray</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    684. 

  684. <dd><p>0x778899
    685. 

  685. </p></dd>
    686. 

  686. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>LightSteelBlue</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    687. 

  687. <dd><p>0xB0C4DE
    688. 

  688. </p></dd>
    689. 

  689. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>LightYellow</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    690. 

  690. <dd><p>0xFFFFE0
    691. 

  691. </p></dd>
    692. 

  692. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Lime</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    693. 

  693. <dd><p>0x00FF00
    694. 

  694. </p></dd>
    695. 

  695. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>LimeGreen</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    696. 

  696. <dd><p>0x32CD32
    697. 

  697. </p></dd>
    698. 

  698. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Linen</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    699. 

  699. <dd><p>0xFAF0E6
    700. 

  700. </p></dd>
    701. 

  701. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Magenta</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    702. 

  702. <dd><p>0xFF00FF
    703. 

  703. </p></dd>
    704. 

  704. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Maroon</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    705. 

  705. <dd><p>0x800000
    706. 

  706. </p></dd>
    707. 

  707. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>MediumAquaMarine</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    708. 

  708. <dd><p>0x66CDAA
    709. 

  709. </p></dd>
    710. 

  710. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>MediumBlue</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    711. 

  711. <dd><p>0x0000CD
    712. 

  712. </p></dd>
    713. 

  713. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>MediumOrchid</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    714. 

  714. <dd><p>0xBA55D3
    715. 

  715. </p></dd>
    716. 

  716. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>MediumPurple</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    717. 

  717. <dd><p>0x9370D8
    718. 

  718. </p></dd>
    719. 

  719. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>MediumSeaGreen</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    720. 

  720. <dd><p>0x3CB371
    721. 

  721. </p></dd>
    722. 

  722. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>MediumSlateBlue</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    723. 

  723. <dd><p>0x7B68EE
    724. 

  724. </p></dd>
    725. 

  725. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>MediumSpringGreen</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    726. 

  726. <dd><p>0x00FA9A
    727. 

  727. </p></dd>
    728. 

  728. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>MediumTurquoise</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    729. 

  729. <dd><p>0x48D1CC
    730. 

  730. </p></dd>
    731. 

  731. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>MediumVioletRed</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    732. 

  732. <dd><p>0xC71585
    733. 

  733. </p></dd>
    734. 

  734. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>MidnightBlue</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    735. 

  735. <dd><p>0x191970
    736. 

  736. </p></dd>
    737. 

  737. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>MintCream</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    738. 

  738. <dd><p>0xF5FFFA
    739. 

  739. </p></dd>
    740. 

  740. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>MistyRose</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    741. 

  741. <dd><p>0xFFE4E1
    742. 

  742. </p></dd>
    743. 

  743. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Moccasin</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    744. 

  744. <dd><p>0xFFE4B5
    745. 

  745. </p></dd>
    746. 

  746. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>NavajoWhite</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    747. 

  747. <dd><p>0xFFDEAD
    748. 

  748. </p></dd>
    749. 

  749. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Navy</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    750. 

  750. <dd><p>0x000080
    751. 

  751. </p></dd>
    752. 

  752. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>OldLace</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    753. 

  753. <dd><p>0xFDF5E6
    754. 

  754. </p></dd>
    755. 

  755. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Olive</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    756. 

  756. <dd><p>0x808000
    757. 

  757. </p></dd>
    758. 

  758. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>OliveDrab</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    759. 

  759. <dd><p>0x6B8E23
    760. 

  760. </p></dd>
    761. 

  761. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Orange</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    762. 

  762. <dd><p>0xFFA500
    763. 

  763. </p></dd>
    764. 

  764. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>OrangeRed</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    765. 

  765. <dd><p>0xFF4500
    766. 

  766. </p></dd>
    767. 

  767. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Orchid</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    768. 

  768. <dd><p>0xDA70D6
    769. 

  769. </p></dd>
    770. 

  770. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>PaleGoldenRod</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    771. 

  771. <dd><p>0xEEE8AA
    772. 

  772. </p></dd>
    773. 

  773. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>PaleGreen</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    774. 

  774. <dd><p>0x98FB98
    775. 

  775. </p></dd>
    776. 

  776. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>PaleTurquoise</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    777. 

  777. <dd><p>0xAFEEEE
    778. 

  778. </p></dd>
    779. 

  779. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>PaleVioletRed</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    780. 

  780. <dd><p>0xD87093
    781. 

  781. </p></dd>
    782. 

  782. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>PapayaWhip</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    783. 

  783. <dd><p>0xFFEFD5
    784. 

  784. </p></dd>
    785. 

  785. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>PeachPuff</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    786. 

  786. <dd><p>0xFFDAB9
    787. 

  787. </p></dd>
    788. 

  788. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Peru</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    789. 

  789. <dd><p>0xCD853F
    790. 

  790. </p></dd>
    791. 

  791. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Pink</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    792. 

  792. <dd><p>0xFFC0CB
    793. 

  793. </p></dd>
    794. 

  794. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Plum</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    795. 

  795. <dd><p>0xDDA0DD
    796. 

  796. </p></dd>
    797. 

  797. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>PowderBlue</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    798. 

  798. <dd><p>0xB0E0E6
    799. 

  799. </p></dd>
    800. 

  800. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Purple</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    801. 

  801. <dd><p>0x800080
    802. 

  802. </p></dd>
    803. 

  803. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Red</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    804. 

  804. <dd><p>0xFF0000
    805. 

  805. </p></dd>
    806. 

  806. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>RosyBrown</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    807. 

  807. <dd><p>0xBC8F8F
    808. 

  808. </p></dd>
    809. 

  809. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>RoyalBlue</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    810. 

  810. <dd><p>0x4169E1
    811. 

  811. </p></dd>
    812. 

  812. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>SaddleBrown</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    813. 

  813. <dd><p>0x8B4513
    814. 

  814. </p></dd>
    815. 

  815. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Salmon</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    816. 

  816. <dd><p>0xFA8072
    817. 

  817. </p></dd>
    818. 

  818. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>SandyBrown</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    819. 

  819. <dd><p>0xF4A460
    820. 

  820. </p></dd>
    821. 

  821. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>SeaGreen</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    822. 

  822. <dd><p>0x2E8B57
    823. 

  823. </p></dd>
    824. 

  824. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>SeaShell</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    825. 

  825. <dd><p>0xFFF5EE
    826. 

  826. </p></dd>
    827. 

  827. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Sienna</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    828. 

  828. <dd><p>0xA0522D
    829. 

  829. </p></dd>
    830. 

  830. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Silver</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    831. 

  831. <dd><p>0xC0C0C0
    832. 

  832. </p></dd>
    833. 

  833. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>SkyBlue</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    834. 

  834. <dd><p>0x87CEEB
    835. 

  835. </p></dd>
    836. 

  836. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>SlateBlue</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    837. 

  837. <dd><p>0x6A5ACD
    838. 

  838. </p></dd>
    839. 

  839. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>SlateGray</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    840. 

  840. <dd><p>0x708090
    841. 

  841. </p></dd>
    842. 

  842. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Snow</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    843. 

  843. <dd><p>0xFFFAFA
    844. 

  844. </p></dd>
    845. 

  845. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>SpringGreen</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    846. 

  846. <dd><p>0x00FF7F
    847. 

  847. </p></dd>
    848. 

  848. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>SteelBlue</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    849. 

  849. <dd><p>0x4682B4
    850. 

  850. </p></dd>
    851. 

  851. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Tan</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    852. 

  852. <dd><p>0xD2B48C
    853. 

  853. </p></dd>
    854. 

  854. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Teal</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    855. 

  855. <dd><p>0x008080
    856. 

  856. </p></dd>
    857. 

  857. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Thistle</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    858. 

  858. <dd><p>0xD8BFD8
    859. 

  859. </p></dd>
    860. 

  860. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Tomato</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    861. 

  861. <dd><p>0xFF6347
    862. 

  862. </p></dd>
    863. 

  863. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Turquoise</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    864. 

  864. <dd><p>0x40E0D0
    865. 

  865. </p></dd>
    866. 

  866. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Violet</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    867. 

  867. <dd><p>0xEE82EE
    868. 

  868. </p></dd>
    869. 

  869. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Wheat</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    870. 

  870. <dd><p>0xF5DEB3
    871. 

  871. </p></dd>
    872. 

  872. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>White</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    873. 

  873. <dd><p>0xFFFFFF
    874. 

  874. </p></dd>
    875. 

  875. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>WhiteSmoke</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    876. 

  876. <dd><p>0xF5F5F5
    877. 

  877. </p></dd>
    878. 

  878. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Yellow</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    879. 

  879. <dd><p>0xFFFF00
    880. 

  880. </p></dd>
    881. 

  881. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>YellowGreen</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    882. 

  882. <dd><p>0x9ACD32
    883. 

  883. </p></dd>
    884. 

  884. </dl>
    885. 

  885. 

  886. <p><a name="channel-layout-syntax"></a>
    887. 

  887. </p><a name="Channel-Layout"></a>
    888. 

  888. <h2 class="section"><a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#toc-Channel-Layout">2.8 Channel Layout</a></h2>
    889. 

  889. 

  890. <p>A channel layout specifies the spatial disposition of the channels in
    891. 

  891. a multi-channel audio stream. To specify a channel layout, FFmpeg
    892. 

  892. makes use of a special syntax.
    893. 

  893. </p>
    894. 

  894. <p>Individual channels are identified by an id, as given by the table
    895. 

  895. below:
    896. 

  896. </p><dl compact="compact">
    897. 

  897. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>FL</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    898. 

  898. <dd><p>front left
    899. 

  899. </p></dd>
    900. 

  900. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>FR</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    901. 

  901. <dd><p>front right
    902. 

  902. </p></dd>
    903. 

  903. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>FC</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    904. 

  904. <dd><p>front center
    905. 

  905. </p></dd>
    906. 

  906. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>LFE</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    907. 

  907. <dd><p>low frequency
    908. 

  908. </p></dd>
    909. 

  909. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>BL</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    910. 

  910. <dd><p>back left
    911. 

  911. </p></dd>
    912. 

  912. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>BR</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    913. 

  913. <dd><p>back right
    914. 

  914. </p></dd>
    915. 

  915. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>FLC</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    916. 

  916. <dd><p>front left-of-center
    917. 

  917. </p></dd>
    918. 

  918. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>FRC</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    919. 

  919. <dd><p>front right-of-center
    920. 

  920. </p></dd>
    921. 

  921. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>BC</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    922. 

  922. <dd><p>back center
    923. 

  923. </p></dd>
    924. 

  924. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>SL</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    925. 

  925. <dd><p>side left
    926. 

  926. </p></dd>
    927. 

  927. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>SR</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    928. 

  928. <dd><p>side right
    929. 

  929. </p></dd>
    930. 

  930. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>TC</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    931. 

  931. <dd><p>top center
    932. 

  932. </p></dd>
    933. 

  933. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>TFL</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    934. 

  934. <dd><p>top front left
    935. 

  935. </p></dd>
    936. 

  936. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>TFC</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    937. 

  937. <dd><p>top front center
    938. 

  938. </p></dd>
    939. 

  939. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>TFR</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    940. 

  940. <dd><p>top front right
    941. 

  941. </p></dd>
    942. 

  942. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>TBL</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    943. 

  943. <dd><p>top back left
    944. 

  944. </p></dd>
    945. 

  945. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>TBC</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    946. 

  946. <dd><p>top back center
    947. 

  947. </p></dd>
    948. 

  948. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>TBR</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    949. 

  949. <dd><p>top back right
    950. 

  950. </p></dd>
    951. 

  951. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DL</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    952. 

  952. <dd><p>downmix left
    953. 

  953. </p></dd>
    954. 

  954. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>DR</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    955. 

  955. <dd><p>downmix right
    956. 

  956. </p></dd>
    957. 

  957. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>WL</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    958. 

  958. <dd><p>wide left
    959. 

  959. </p></dd>
    960. 

  960. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>WR</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    961. 

  961. <dd><p>wide right
    962. 

  962. </p></dd>
    963. 

  963. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>SDL</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    964. 

  964. <dd><p>surround direct left
    965. 

  965. </p></dd>
    966. 

  966. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>SDR</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    967. 

  967. <dd><p>surround direct right
    968. 

  968. </p></dd>
    969. 

  969. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>LFE2</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    970. 

  970. <dd><p>low frequency 2
    971. 

  971. </p></dd>
    972. 

  972. </dl>
    973. 

  973. 

  974. <p>Standard channel layout compositions can be specified by using the
    975. 

  975. following identifiers:
    976. 

  976. </p><dl compact="compact">
    977. 

  977. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>mono</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    978. 

  978. <dd><p>FC
    979. 

  979. </p></dd>
    980. 

  980. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>stereo</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    981. 

  981. <dd><p>FL+FR
    982. 

  982. </p></dd>
    983. 

  983. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>2.1</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    984. 

  984. <dd><p>FL+FR+LFE
    985. 

  985. </p></dd>
    986. 

  986. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>3.0</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    987. 

  987. <dd><p>FL+FR+FC
    988. 

  988. </p></dd>
    989. 

  989. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>3.0(back)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    990. 

  990. <dd><p>FL+FR+BC
    991. 

  991. </p></dd>
    992. 

  992. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>4.0</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    993. 

  993. <dd><p>FL+FR+FC+BC
    994. 

  994. </p></dd>
    995. 

  995. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>quad</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    996. 

  996. <dd><p>FL+FR+BL+BR
    997. 

  997. </p></dd>
    998. 

  998. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>quad(side)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    999. 

  999. <dd><p>FL+FR+SL+SR
    1000. 

  1000. </p></dd>
    1001. 

  1001. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>3.1</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1002. 

  1002. <dd><p>FL+FR+FC+LFE
    1003. 

  1003. </p></dd>
    1004. 

  1004. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>5.0</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1005. 

  1005. <dd><p>FL+FR+FC+BL+BR
    1006. 

  1006. </p></dd>
    1007. 

  1007. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>5.0(side)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1008. 

  1008. <dd><p>FL+FR+FC+SL+SR
    1009. 

  1009. </p></dd>
    1010. 

  1010. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>4.1</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1011. 

  1011. <dd><p>FL+FR+FC+LFE+BC
    1012. 

  1012. </p></dd>
    1013. 

  1013. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>5.1</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1014. 

  1014. <dd><p>FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR
    1015. 

  1015. </p></dd>
    1016. 

  1016. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>5.1(side)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1017. 

  1017. <dd><p>FL+FR+FC+LFE+SL+SR
    1018. 

  1018. </p></dd>
    1019. 

  1019. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>6.0</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1020. 

  1020. <dd><p>FL+FR+FC+BC+SL+SR
    1021. 

  1021. </p></dd>
    1022. 

  1022. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>6.0(front)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1023. 

  1023. <dd><p>FL+FR+FLC+FRC+SL+SR
    1024. 

  1024. </p></dd>
    1025. 

  1025. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>hexagonal</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1026. 

  1026. <dd><p>FL+FR+FC+BL+BR+BC
    1027. 

  1027. </p></dd>
    1028. 

  1028. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>6.1</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1029. 

  1029. <dd><p>FL+FR+FC+LFE+BC+SL+SR
    1030. 

  1030. </p></dd>
    1031. 

  1031. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>6.1</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1032. 

  1032. <dd><p>FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR+BC
    1033. 

  1033. </p></dd>
    1034. 

  1034. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>6.1(front)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1035. 

  1035. <dd><p>FL+FR+LFE+FLC+FRC+SL+SR
    1036. 

  1036. </p></dd>
    1037. 

  1037. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>7.0</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1038. 

  1038. <dd><p>FL+FR+FC+BL+BR+SL+SR
    1039. 

  1039. </p></dd>
    1040. 

  1040. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>7.0(front)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1041. 

  1041. <dd><p>FL+FR+FC+FLC+FRC+SL+SR
    1042. 

  1042. </p></dd>
    1043. 

  1043. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>7.1</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1044. 

  1044. <dd><p>FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR+SL+SR
    1045. 

  1045. </p></dd>
    1046. 

  1046. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>7.1(wide)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1047. 

  1047. <dd><p>FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR+FLC+FRC
    1048. 

  1048. </p></dd>
    1049. 

  1049. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>7.1(wide-side)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1050. 

  1050. <dd><p>FL+FR+FC+LFE+FLC+FRC+SL+SR
    1051. 

  1051. </p></dd>
    1052. 

  1052. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>octagonal</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1053. 

  1053. <dd><p>FL+FR+FC+BL+BR+BC+SL+SR
    1054. 

  1054. </p></dd>
    1055. 

  1055. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>hexadecagonal</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1056. 

  1056. <dd><p>FL+FR+FC+BL+BR+BC+SL+SR+WL+WR+TBL+TBR+TBC+TFC+TFL+TFR
    1057. 

  1057. </p></dd>
    1058. 

  1058. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>downmix</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1059. 

  1059. <dd><p>DL+DR
    1060. 

  1060. </p></dd>
    1061. 

  1061. </dl>
    1062. 

  1062. 

  1063. <p>A custom channel layout can be specified as a sequence of terms, separated by
    1064. 

  1064. &rsquo;+&rsquo; or &rsquo;|&rsquo;. Each term can be:
    1065. 

  1065. </p><ul>
    1066. 

  1066. <li>
    1067. 

  1067. the name of a standard channel layout (e.g. &lsquo;<samp>mono</samp>&rsquo;,
    1068. 

  1068. &lsquo;<samp>stereo</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>4.0</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>quad</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>5.0</samp>&rsquo;, etc.)
    1069. 

  1069. 

  1070. </li><li>
    1071. 

  1071. the name of a single channel (e.g. &lsquo;<samp>FL</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>FR</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>FC</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>LFE</samp>&rsquo;, etc.)
    1072. 

  1072. 

  1073. </li><li>
    1074. 

  1074. a number of channels, in decimal, followed by &rsquo;c&rsquo;, yielding the default channel
    1075. 

  1075. layout for that number of channels (see the function
    1076. 

  1076. <code>av_get_default_channel_layout</code>). Note that not all channel counts have a
    1077. 

  1077. default layout.
    1078. 

  1078. 

  1079. </li><li>
    1080. 

  1080. a number of channels, in decimal, followed by &rsquo;C&rsquo;, yielding an unknown channel
    1081. 

  1081. layout with the specified number of channels. Note that not all channel layout
    1082. 

  1082. specification strings support unknown channel layouts.
    1083. 

  1083. 

  1084. </li><li>
    1085. 

  1085. a channel layout mask, in hexadecimal starting with &quot;0x&quot; (see the
    1086. 

  1086. <code>AV_CH_*</code> macros in &lsquo;<tt>libavutil/channel_layout.h</tt>&rsquo;.
    1087. 

  1087. </li></ul>
    1088. 

  1088. 

  1089. <p>Before libavutil version 53 the trailing character &quot;c&quot; to specify a number of
    1090. 

  1090. channels was optional, but now it is required, while a channel layout mask can
    1091. 

  1091. also be specified as a decimal number (if and only if not followed by &quot;c&quot; or &quot;C&quot;).
    1092. 

  1092. </p>
    1093. 

  1093. <p>See also the function <code>av_get_channel_layout</code> defined in
    1094. 

  1094. &lsquo;<tt>libavutil/channel_layout.h</tt>&rsquo;.
    1095. 

  1095. </p>
    1096. 

  1096. <a name="Expression-Evaluation"></a>
    1097. 

  1097. <h1 class="chapter"><a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#toc-Expression-Evaluation">3 Expression Evaluation</a></h1>
    1098. 

  1098. 

  1099. <p>When evaluating an arithmetic expression, FFmpeg uses an internal
    1100. 

  1100. formula evaluator, implemented through the &lsquo;<tt>libavutil/eval.h</tt>&rsquo;
    1101. 

  1101. interface.
    1102. 

  1102. </p>
    1103. 

  1103. <p>An expression may contain unary, binary operators, constants, and
    1104. 

  1104. functions.
    1105. 

  1105. </p>
    1106. 

  1106. <p>Two expressions <var>expr1</var> and <var>expr2</var> can be combined to form
    1107. 

  1107. another expression &quot;<var>expr1</var>;<var>expr2</var>&quot;.
    1108. 

  1108. <var>expr1</var> and <var>expr2</var> are evaluated in turn, and the new
    1109. 

  1109. expression evaluates to the value of <var>expr2</var>.
    1110. 

  1110. </p>
    1111. 

  1111. <p>The following binary operators are available: <code>+</code>, <code>-</code>,
    1112. 

  1112. <code>*</code>, <code>/</code>, <code>^</code>.
    1113. 

  1113. </p>
    1114. 

  1114. <p>The following unary operators are available: <code>+</code>, <code>-</code>.
    1115. 

  1115. </p>
    1116. 

  1116. <p>The following functions are available:
    1117. 

  1117. </p><dl compact="compact">
    1118. 

  1118. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>abs(x)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1119. 

  1119. <dd><p>Compute absolute value of <var>x</var>.
    1120. 

  1120. </p>
    1121. 

  1121. </dd>
    1122. 

  1122. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>acos(x)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1123. 

  1123. <dd><p>Compute arccosine of <var>x</var>.
    1124. 

  1124. </p>
    1125. 

  1125. </dd>
    1126. 

  1126. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>asin(x)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1127. 

  1127. <dd><p>Compute arcsine of <var>x</var>.
    1128. 

  1128. </p>
    1129. 

  1129. </dd>
    1130. 

  1130. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>atan(x)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1131. 

  1131. <dd><p>Compute arctangent of <var>x</var>.
    1132. 

  1132. </p>
    1133. 

  1133. </dd>
    1134. 

  1134. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>atan2(x, y)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1135. 

  1135. <dd><p>Compute principal value of the arc tangent of <var>y</var>/<var>x</var>.
    1136. 

  1136. </p>
    1137. 

  1137. </dd>
    1138. 

  1138. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>between(x, min, max)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1139. 

  1139. <dd><p>Return 1 if <var>x</var> is greater than or equal to <var>min</var> and lesser than or
    1140. 

  1140. equal to <var>max</var>, 0 otherwise.
    1141. 

  1141. </p>
    1142. 

  1142. </dd>
    1143. 

  1143. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>bitand(x, y)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1144. 

  1144. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>bitor(x, y)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1145. 

  1145. <dd><p>Compute bitwise and/or operation on <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>.
    1146. 

  1146. </p>
    1147. 

  1147. <p>The results of the evaluation of <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> are converted to
    1148. 

  1148. integers before executing the bitwise operation.
    1149. 

  1149. </p>
    1150. 

  1150. <p>Note that both the conversion to integer and the conversion back to
    1151. 

  1151. floating point can lose precision. Beware of unexpected results for
    1152. 

  1152. large numbers (usually 2^53 and larger).
    1153. 

  1153. </p>
    1154. 

  1154. </dd>
    1155. 

  1155. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>ceil(expr)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1156. 

  1156. <dd><p>Round the value of expression <var>expr</var> upwards to the nearest
    1157. 

  1157. integer. For example, &quot;ceil(1.5)&quot; is &quot;2.0&quot;.
    1158. 

  1158. </p>
    1159. 

  1159. </dd>
    1160. 

  1160. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>clip(x, min, max)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1161. 

  1161. <dd><p>Return the value of <var>x</var> clipped between <var>min</var> and <var>max</var>.
    1162. 

  1162. </p>
    1163. 

  1163. </dd>
    1164. 

  1164. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>cos(x)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1165. 

  1165. <dd><p>Compute cosine of <var>x</var>.
    1166. 

  1166. </p>
    1167. 

  1167. </dd>
    1168. 

  1168. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>cosh(x)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1169. 

  1169. <dd><p>Compute hyperbolic cosine of <var>x</var>.
    1170. 

  1170. </p>
    1171. 

  1171. </dd>
    1172. 

  1172. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>eq(x, y)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1173. 

  1173. <dd><p>Return 1 if <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> are equivalent, 0 otherwise.
    1174. 

  1174. </p>
    1175. 

  1175. </dd>
    1176. 

  1176. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>exp(x)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1177. 

  1177. <dd><p>Compute exponential of <var>x</var> (with base <code>e</code>, the Euler&rsquo;s number).
    1178. 

  1178. </p>
    1179. 

  1179. </dd>
    1180. 

  1180. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>floor(expr)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1181. 

  1181. <dd><p>Round the value of expression <var>expr</var> downwards to the nearest
    1182. 

  1182. integer. For example, &quot;floor(-1.5)&quot; is &quot;-2.0&quot;.
    1183. 

  1183. </p>
    1184. 

  1184. </dd>
    1185. 

  1185. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>gauss(x)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1186. 

  1186. <dd><p>Compute Gauss function of <var>x</var>, corresponding to
    1187. 

  1187. <code>exp(-x*x/2) / sqrt(2*PI)</code>.
    1188. 

  1188. </p>
    1189. 

  1189. </dd>
    1190. 

  1190. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>gcd(x, y)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1191. 

  1191. <dd><p>Return the greatest common divisor of <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>. If both <var>x</var> and
    1192. 

  1192. <var>y</var> are 0 or either or both are less than zero then behavior is undefined.
    1193. 

  1193. </p>
    1194. 

  1194. </dd>
    1195. 

  1195. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>gt(x, y)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1196. 

  1196. <dd><p>Return 1 if <var>x</var> is greater than <var>y</var>, 0 otherwise.
    1197. 

  1197. </p>
    1198. 

  1198. </dd>
    1199. 

  1199. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>gte(x, y)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1200. 

  1200. <dd><p>Return 1 if <var>x</var> is greater than or equal to <var>y</var>, 0 otherwise.
    1201. 

  1201. </p>
    1202. 

  1202. </dd>
    1203. 

  1203. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>hypot(x, y)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1204. 

  1204. <dd><p>This function is similar to the C function with the same name; it returns
    1205. 

  1205. &quot;sqrt(<var>x</var>*<var>x</var> + <var>y</var>*<var>y</var>)&quot;, the length of the hypotenuse of a
    1206. 

  1206. right triangle with sides of length <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>, or the distance of the
    1207. 

  1207. point (<var>x</var>, <var>y</var>) from the origin.
    1208. 

  1208. </p>
    1209. 

  1209. </dd>
    1210. 

  1210. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>if(x, y)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1211. 

  1211. <dd><p>Evaluate <var>x</var>, and if the result is non-zero return the result of
    1212. 

  1212. the evaluation of <var>y</var>, return 0 otherwise.
    1213. 

  1213. </p>
    1214. 

  1214. </dd>
    1215. 

  1215. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>if(x, y, z)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1216. 

  1216. <dd><p>Evaluate <var>x</var>, and if the result is non-zero return the evaluation
    1217. 

  1217. result of <var>y</var>, otherwise the evaluation result of <var>z</var>.
    1218. 

  1218. </p>
    1219. 

  1219. </dd>
    1220. 

  1220. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>ifnot(x, y)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1221. 

  1221. <dd><p>Evaluate <var>x</var>, and if the result is zero return the result of the
    1222. 

  1222. evaluation of <var>y</var>, return 0 otherwise.
    1223. 

  1223. </p>
    1224. 

  1224. </dd>
    1225. 

  1225. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>ifnot(x, y, z)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1226. 

  1226. <dd><p>Evaluate <var>x</var>, and if the result is zero return the evaluation
    1227. 

  1227. result of <var>y</var>, otherwise the evaluation result of <var>z</var>.
    1228. 

  1228. </p>
    1229. 

  1229. </dd>
    1230. 

  1230. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>isinf(x)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1231. 

  1231. <dd><p>Return 1.0 if <var>x</var> is +/-INFINITY, 0.0 otherwise.
    1232. 

  1232. </p>
    1233. 

  1233. </dd>
    1234. 

  1234. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>isnan(x)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1235. 

  1235. <dd><p>Return 1.0 if <var>x</var> is NAN, 0.0 otherwise.
    1236. 

  1236. </p>
    1237. 

  1237. </dd>
    1238. 

  1238. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>ld(var)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1239. 

  1239. <dd><p>Load the value of the internal variable with number
    1240. 

  1240. <var>var</var>, which was previously stored with st(<var>var</var>, <var>expr</var>).
    1241. 

  1241. The function returns the loaded value.
    1242. 

  1242. </p>
    1243. 

  1243. </dd>
    1244. 

  1244. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>lerp(x, y, z)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1245. 

  1245. <dd><p>Return linear interpolation between <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> by amount of <var>z</var>.
    1246. 

  1246. </p>
    1247. 

  1247. </dd>
    1248. 

  1248. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>log(x)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1249. 

  1249. <dd><p>Compute natural logarithm of <var>x</var>.
    1250. 

  1250. </p>
    1251. 

  1251. </dd>
    1252. 

  1252. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>lt(x, y)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1253. 

  1253. <dd><p>Return 1 if <var>x</var> is lesser than <var>y</var>, 0 otherwise.
    1254. 

  1254. </p>
    1255. 

  1255. </dd>
    1256. 

  1256. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>lte(x, y)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1257. 

  1257. <dd><p>Return 1 if <var>x</var> is lesser than or equal to <var>y</var>, 0 otherwise.
    1258. 

  1258. </p>
    1259. 

  1259. </dd>
    1260. 

  1260. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>max(x, y)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1261. 

  1261. <dd><p>Return the maximum between <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>.
    1262. 

  1262. </p>
    1263. 

  1263. </dd>
    1264. 

  1264. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>min(x, y)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1265. 

  1265. <dd><p>Return the minimum between <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>.
    1266. 

  1266. </p>
    1267. 

  1267. </dd>
    1268. 

  1268. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>mod(x, y)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1269. 

  1269. <dd><p>Compute the remainder of division of <var>x</var> by <var>y</var>.
    1270. 

  1270. </p>
    1271. 

  1271. </dd>
    1272. 

  1272. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>not(expr)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1273. 

  1273. <dd><p>Return 1.0 if <var>expr</var> is zero, 0.0 otherwise.
    1274. 

  1274. </p>
    1275. 

  1275. </dd>
    1276. 

  1276. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>pow(x, y)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1277. 

  1277. <dd><p>Compute the power of <var>x</var> elevated <var>y</var>, it is equivalent to
    1278. 

  1278. &quot;(<var>x</var>)^(<var>y</var>)&quot;.
    1279. 

  1279. </p>
    1280. 

  1280. </dd>
    1281. 

  1281. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>print(t)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1282. 

  1282. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>print(t, l)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1283. 

  1283. <dd><p>Print the value of expression <var>t</var> with loglevel <var>l</var>. If
    1284. 

  1284. <var>l</var> is not specified then a default log level is used.
    1285. 

  1285. Returns the value of the expression printed.
    1286. 

  1286. </p>
    1287. 

  1287. <p>Prints t with loglevel l
    1288. 

  1288. </p>
    1289. 

  1289. </dd>
    1290. 

  1290. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>random(x)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1291. 

  1291. <dd><p>Return a pseudo random value between 0.0 and 1.0. <var>x</var> is the index of the
    1292. 

  1292. internal variable which will be used to save the seed/state.
    1293. 

  1293. </p>
    1294. 

  1294. </dd>
    1295. 

  1295. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>root(expr, max)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1296. 

  1296. <dd><p>Find an input value for which the function represented by <var>expr</var>
    1297. 

  1297. with argument <var>ld(0)</var> is 0 in the interval 0..<var>max</var>.
    1298. 

  1298. </p>
    1299. 

  1299. <p>The expression in <var>expr</var> must denote a continuous function or the
    1300. 

  1300. result is undefined.
    1301. 

  1301. </p>
    1302. 

  1302. <p><var>ld(0)</var> is used to represent the function input value, which means
    1303. 

  1303. that the given expression will be evaluated multiple times with
    1304. 

  1304. various input values that the expression can access through
    1305. 

  1305. <code>ld(0)</code>. When the expression evaluates to 0 then the
    1306. 

  1306. corresponding input value will be returned.
    1307. 

  1307. </p>
    1308. 

  1308. </dd>
    1309. 

  1309. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>round(expr)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1310. 

  1310. <dd><p>Round the value of expression <var>expr</var> to the nearest integer. For example, &quot;round(1.5)&quot; is &quot;2.0&quot;.
    1311. 

  1311. </p>
    1312. 

  1312. </dd>
    1313. 

  1313. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>sgn(x)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1314. 

  1314. <dd><p>Compute sign of <var>x</var>.
    1315. 

  1315. </p>
    1316. 

  1316. </dd>
    1317. 

  1317. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>sin(x)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1318. 

  1318. <dd><p>Compute sine of <var>x</var>.
    1319. 

  1319. </p>
    1320. 

  1320. </dd>
    1321. 

  1321. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>sinh(x)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1322. 

  1322. <dd><p>Compute hyperbolic sine of <var>x</var>.
    1323. 

  1323. </p>
    1324. 

  1324. </dd>
    1325. 

  1325. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>sqrt(expr)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1326. 

  1326. <dd><p>Compute the square root of <var>expr</var>. This is equivalent to
    1327. 

  1327. &quot;(<var>expr</var>)^.5&quot;.
    1328. 

  1328. </p>
    1329. 

  1329. </dd>
    1330. 

  1330. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>squish(x)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1331. 

  1331. <dd><p>Compute expression <code>1/(1 + exp(4*x))</code>.
    1332. 

  1332. </p>
    1333. 

  1333. </dd>
    1334. 

  1334. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>st(var, expr)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1335. 

  1335. <dd><p>Store the value of the expression <var>expr</var> in an internal
    1336. 

  1336. variable. <var>var</var> specifies the number of the variable where to
    1337. 

  1337. store the value, and it is a value ranging from 0 to 9. The function
    1338. 

  1338. returns the value stored in the internal variable.
    1339. 

  1339. Note, Variables are currently not shared between expressions.
    1340. 

  1340. </p>
    1341. 

  1341. </dd>
    1342. 

  1342. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>tan(x)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1343. 

  1343. <dd><p>Compute tangent of <var>x</var>.
    1344. 

  1344. </p>
    1345. 

  1345. </dd>
    1346. 

  1346. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>tanh(x)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1347. 

  1347. <dd><p>Compute hyperbolic tangent of <var>x</var>.
    1348. 

  1348. </p>
    1349. 

  1349. </dd>
    1350. 

  1350. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>taylor(expr, x)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1351. 

  1351. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>taylor(expr, x, id)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1352. 

  1352. <dd><p>Evaluate a Taylor series at <var>x</var>, given an expression representing
    1353. 

  1353. the <code>ld(id)</code>-th derivative of a function at 0.
    1354. 

  1354. </p>
    1355. 

  1355. <p>When the series does not converge the result is undefined.
    1356. 

  1356. </p>
    1357. 

  1357. <p><var>ld(id)</var> is used to represent the derivative order in <var>expr</var>,
    1358. 

  1358. which means that the given expression will be evaluated multiple times
    1359. 

  1359. with various input values that the expression can access through
    1360. 

  1360. <code>ld(id)</code>. If <var>id</var> is not specified then 0 is assumed.
    1361. 

  1361. </p>
    1362. 

  1362. <p>Note, when you have the derivatives at y instead of 0,
    1363. 

  1363. <code>taylor(expr, x-y)</code> can be used.
    1364. 

  1364. </p>
    1365. 

  1365. </dd>
    1366. 

  1366. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>time(0)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1367. 

  1367. <dd><p>Return the current (wallclock) time in seconds.
    1368. 

  1368. </p>
    1369. 

  1369. </dd>
    1370. 

  1370. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>trunc(expr)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1371. 

  1371. <dd><p>Round the value of expression <var>expr</var> towards zero to the nearest
    1372. 

  1372. integer. For example, &quot;trunc(-1.5)&quot; is &quot;-1.0&quot;.
    1373. 

  1373. </p>
    1374. 

  1374. </dd>
    1375. 

  1375. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>while(cond, expr)</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1376. 

  1376. <dd><p>Evaluate expression <var>expr</var> while the expression <var>cond</var> is
    1377. 

  1377. non-zero, and returns the value of the last <var>expr</var> evaluation, or
    1378. 

  1378. NAN if <var>cond</var> was always false.
    1379. 

  1379. </p></dd>
    1380. 

  1380. </dl>
    1381. 

  1381. 

  1382. <p>The following constants are available:
    1383. 

  1383. </p><dl compact="compact">
    1384. 

  1384. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>PI</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1385. 

  1385. <dd><p>area of the unit disc, approximately 3.14
    1386. 

  1386. </p></dd>
    1387. 

  1387. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>E</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1388. 

  1388. <dd><p>exp(1) (Euler&rsquo;s number), approximately 2.718
    1389. 

  1389. </p></dd>
    1390. 

  1390. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>PHI</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1391. 

  1391. <dd><p>golden ratio (1+sqrt(5))/2, approximately 1.618
    1392. 

  1392. </p></dd>
    1393. 

  1393. </dl>
    1394. 

  1394. 

  1395. <p>Assuming that an expression is considered &quot;true&quot; if it has a non-zero
    1396. 

  1396. value, note that:
    1397. 

  1397. </p>
    1398. 

  1398. <p><code>*</code> works like AND
    1399. 

  1399. </p>
    1400. 

  1400. <p><code>+</code> works like OR
    1401. 

  1401. </p>
    1402. 

  1402. <p>For example the construct:
    1403. 

  1403. </p><div class="example">
    1404. 

  1404. <pre class="example">if (A AND B) then C
    1405. 

  1405. </pre></div>
    1406. 

  1406. <p>is equivalent to:
    1407. 

  1407. </p><div class="example">
    1408. 

  1408. <pre class="example">if(A*B, C)
    1409. 

  1409. </pre></div>
    1410. 

  1410. 

  1411. <p>In your C code, you can extend the list of unary and binary functions,
    1412. 

  1412. and define recognized constants, so that they are available for your
    1413. 

  1413. expressions.
    1414. 

  1414. </p>
    1415. 

  1415. <p>The evaluator also recognizes the International System unit prefixes.
    1416. 

  1416. If &rsquo;i&rsquo; is appended after the prefix, binary prefixes are used, which
    1417. 

  1417. are based on powers of 1024 instead of powers of 1000.
    1418. 

  1418. The &rsquo;B&rsquo; postfix multiplies the value by 8, and can be appended after a
    1419. 

  1419. unit prefix or used alone. This allows using for example &rsquo;KB&rsquo;, &rsquo;MiB&rsquo;,
    1420. 

  1420. &rsquo;G&rsquo; and &rsquo;B&rsquo; as number postfix.
    1421. 

  1421. </p>
    1422. 

  1422. <p>The list of available International System prefixes follows, with
    1423. 

  1423. indication of the corresponding powers of 10 and of 2.
    1424. 

  1424. </p><dl compact="compact">
    1425. 

  1425. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>y</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1426. 

  1426. <dd><p>10^-24 / 2^-80
    1427. 

  1427. </p></dd>
    1428. 

  1428. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>z</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1429. 

  1429. <dd><p>10^-21 / 2^-70
    1430. 

  1430. </p></dd>
    1431. 

  1431. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>a</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1432. 

  1432. <dd><p>10^-18 / 2^-60
    1433. 

  1433. </p></dd>
    1434. 

  1434. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>f</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1435. 

  1435. <dd><p>10^-15 / 2^-50
    1436. 

  1436. </p></dd>
    1437. 

  1437. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>p</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1438. 

  1438. <dd><p>10^-12 / 2^-40
    1439. 

  1439. </p></dd>
    1440. 

  1440. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>n</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1441. 

  1441. <dd><p>10^-9 / 2^-30
    1442. 

  1442. </p></dd>
    1443. 

  1443. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>u</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1444. 

  1444. <dd><p>10^-6 / 2^-20
    1445. 

  1445. </p></dd>
    1446. 

  1446. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>m</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1447. 

  1447. <dd><p>10^-3 / 2^-10
    1448. 

  1448. </p></dd>
    1449. 

  1449. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>c</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1450. 

  1450. <dd><p>10^-2
    1451. 

  1451. </p></dd>
    1452. 

  1452. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>d</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1453. 

  1453. <dd><p>10^-1
    1454. 

  1454. </p></dd>
    1455. 

  1455. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>h</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1456. 

  1456. <dd><p>10^2
    1457. 

  1457. </p></dd>
    1458. 

  1458. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>k</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1459. 

  1459. <dd><p>10^3 / 2^10
    1460. 

  1460. </p></dd>
    1461. 

  1461. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>K</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1462. 

  1462. <dd><p>10^3 / 2^10
    1463. 

  1463. </p></dd>
    1464. 

  1464. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>M</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1465. 

  1465. <dd><p>10^6 / 2^20
    1466. 

  1466. </p></dd>
    1467. 

  1467. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>G</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1468. 

  1468. <dd><p>10^9 / 2^30
    1469. 

  1469. </p></dd>
    1470. 

  1470. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>T</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1471. 

  1471. <dd><p>10^12 / 2^40
    1472. 

  1472. </p></dd>
    1473. 

  1473. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>P</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1474. 

  1474. <dd><p>10^15 / 2^40
    1475. 

  1475. </p></dd>
    1476. 

  1476. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>E</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1477. 

  1477. <dd><p>10^18 / 2^50
    1478. 

  1478. </p></dd>
    1479. 

  1479. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Z</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1480. 

  1480. <dd><p>10^21 / 2^60
    1481. 

  1481. </p></dd>
    1482. 

  1482. <dt>&lsquo;<samp>Y</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
    1483. 

  1483. <dd><p>10^24 / 2^70
    1484. 

  1484. </p></dd>
    1485. 

  1485. </dl>
    1486. 

  1486. 

  1487. 

  1488. <a name="See-Also"></a>
    1489. 

  1489. <h1 class="chapter"><a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#toc-See-Also">4 See Also</a></h1>
    1490. 

  1490. 

  1491. <p><a href="ffmpeg.html">ffmpeg</a>, <a href="ffplay.html">ffplay</a>, <a href="ffprobe.html">ffprobe</a>,
    1492. 

  1492. <a href="libavutil.html">libavutil</a>
    1493. 

  1493. </p>
    1494. 

  1494. 

  1495. <a name="Authors"></a>
    1496. 

  1496. <h1 class="chapter"><a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#toc-Authors">5 Authors</a></h1>
    1497. 

  1497. 

  1498. <p>The FFmpeg developers.
    1499. 

  1499. </p>
    1500. 

  1500. <p>For details about the authorship, see the Git history of the project
    1501. 

  1501. (git://source.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg), e.g. by typing the command
    1502. 

  1502. <code>git log</code> in the FFmpeg source directory, or browsing the
    1503. 

  1503. online repository at <a href="http://source.ffmpeg.org">http://source.ffmpeg.org</a>.
    1504. 

  1504. </p>
    1505. 

  1505. <p>Maintainers for the specific components are listed in the file
    1506. 

  1506. &lsquo;<tt>MAINTAINERS</tt>&rsquo; in the source code tree.
    1507. 

  1507. </p>
    1508. 

  1508. 

  1509.     </div>
    1510. 

  1510.   </body>
    1511. 

  1511. </html>
    1512. 

  1512.